Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Agri-Food Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Resources Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
2. Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Italy
3. Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR via Roma, 64 83100 Avellino Italy
Abstract
AbstractThis study reports chemical composition, phytotoxic and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) of R. dasycarpa and R. sphaerocarpa from Morocco. EOs were analyzed by GC/MS and their phytotoxicities were evaluated against germination and seedling growth of Lolium multiflorum, Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativus. The antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activities were studied against Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). Both EOs were abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes (40.01% and 23.57 %, respectively). Carvacrol is the predominant component in R. dasycarpa EO (17.80 %), and it also represents an appreciable amount in R. sphaerocarpa (8.96 %). R. sphaerocarpa showed total inhibition at high doses against all seeds. S. alba seeds were the most sensitive to all EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated significant inhibition for R. sphaerocarpa, between 24 and 30 μg/mL, with a remarkable antibacterial potential and biofilm formation inhibition. R. sphaerocarpa EO showed significant biofilm inhibition with variable efficacy depending on the strain and concentration, except for S. aureus. R. dasycarpa exhibited activity against all bacterial strains and effect on metabolism with activity also on mature biofilms. Results suggest that Retama EOs could have potential applications in the fields of food and health.