Affiliation:
1. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química Programa de pós-graduação em Química Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro Brasil
2. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro Brasil
3. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Química Departamento de Química Orgânica Salvador/Bahia Brasil
4. Universidade Federal rural do Rio de Janeiro Laboratório de Farmacognosia Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro Brasil
Abstract
AbstractPropolis is a natural resinous product produced by Apis mellifera bees from the exudates of various plants. The color of propolis (green) is a consequence of its botanical origin, as bees collect young tissues and leaves of Baccaris dracunculifolia. This study evaluated the chemical composition and extraction kinetics of essential oils obtained from Brazilian green propolis by hydrodistillation. Hydrodistillation was performed for 360 min and analyzed at different times (30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min), allowing the calculation of the accumulated content (% w/w) and the identification of the essential oil chemical profile. The GC/FID and GC/MS analysis led to the annotation of 60 compounds with estragole (13.30 %), benzyl propanoate (14.59 %), and (E)‐nerolidol (13.57 %) as the main compounds. The optimum conditions for extraction of phenylpropanoids (PP), hydrocarbons (HD), monoterpenes (MT), and oxygenated monoterpenes (OMT) are between 30 and 120 min. In comparison, sesquiterpenes (ST) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OST) are extracted more efficiently between 240 and 360 min. The optimal extraction speed determination is essential for industrial‐scale processing to obtain components such as sesquiterpenes, which have a high economic value in the cosmetic/perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.