Combination of Callyspongia sp. and Stem Cells for Wound Repair and Skin Regeneration: in Vivo and in Silico Evidences

Abstract

AbstractDelayed healing of chronic wounds results in amputation and mortality rates in serious cases. The present study examines the merged wound‐restorative efficacy of injectable bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and topical Callyspongia sp. extract in immunocompromised rats. HR‐LC–MS analysis of Callyspongia sp. extract tentatively identified twenty‐nine compounds (1–29) and highlighted its richness in fatty acids and terpenoids, known for their wound regenerating efficacies. The wound closure was greatly prominent in the BMMSCs/Callyspongia sp. group in contrast to the control group (p<0.001). The RT‐PCR gene expression emphasized these results by attenuating the oxidative, inflammatory, and immunity markers, further confirmed by histopathological findings. Additionally, in silico modeling was particularly targeting matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9), a key player in wound healing processes. Computational analysis revealed that compounds 18 and 19 potentially modulate MMP9 activity. The combination of BMMSCs and topical Callyspongia sp. extract holds a promise for regenerative therapy constituting a drastic advance in the wound cure of immunocompromised patients, eventually further safety assessments and clinical trials are required.