Affiliation:
1. Department of Wood Pulp and Paper University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering University of Guadalajara Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas 45200 Zapopan Jalisco Mexico
2. Chemical Research Center-IICBA Autonomous University of the State of Morelos Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
3. Faculty of Pharmacy Autonomous University of the State of Morelos Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos México
4. Department of Biotechnology Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa Mexico City 09310 Mexico
Abstract
AbstractThe present study shows the untargeted metabolite profiling and in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of the methanolic leaves extract (MLE) and methanolic stem extract (MSE) of Erythroxylum mexicanum, as well as the fractions from MSE. Using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS), a total of 70 metabolites were identified; mainly alkaloids in the MLE, while the MSE showed a high abundance of diterpenoids. The MSE fractions exhibited differential activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Notably, the hexane fraction (HSF) against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a bactericidal effect. The MSE fractions exhibited cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, with selectivity towards them compared to a noncancerous cell line. Particularly, the HSF and chloroform fraction (CSF) showed the highest cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells, with IC50 values of 19.9 and 18.1 μg/mL and selectivity indexes of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. Both the HSF and ethyl acetate (EASF) fractions of the MSE inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with NO production percentages of 50.0 % and 51.7 %, respectively, at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results indicated that E. mexicanum can be a source of antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti‐inflammatory metabolites.