Salmon farming alters the structure and functioning of Norwegian maerl bed communities

Author:

Legrand Erwann1ORCID,Taormina Bastien1ORCID,Grall Jacques2ORCID,Sævik Pål Næverlid1ORCID,Lelièvre Yann3ORCID,Pinsivy Lucas2,Peña Viviana4ORCID,Husa Vivian1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway

2. Observatoire Marin UAR 3113 Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM Plouzané France

3. Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS Université de Bourgogne Dijon France

4. BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Universidade da Coruña A Coruña Spain

Abstract

Abstract Effluents resulting from fish farming activities can alter the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems. In Norway, recent technological advances within the salmon industry have facilitated the expansion of aquaculture into shallower locations, leading to additional pressures upon coastal habitats. Maerl/rhodolith beds are important bioengineers in coastal waters—supporting highly diverse associated macrofaunal communities—and are likely to be particularly at risk. This study aims to investigate the environmental changes induced by fish farms in their vicinity and their impact on the structure and functioning of maerl bed macrofaunal communities. High dissolved nutrients and organic enrichment levels were observed close to the cages, associated with lower live maerl cover. Overall, the most substantial impact of salmon farms on macrofaunal communities was observed within 100 m from the cages. Nevertheless, changes in the structure and functioning of assemblages were evidenced up to 300 m. In the vicinity of the cages, communities were characterized by the dominance of endobenthic subsurface deposit feeders and opportunistic species, notably the polychaetes Chaetozone sp., Capitella sp. and Scoloplos armiger. Conversely, sites situated farther away from the cages exhibited higher abundances of epibenthic taxa, including crawlers, grazers and species sensitive to organic enrichment. Sites unaffected by the presence of fish farms were described by high abundances of the ophiuroid Ophiura robusta, the polychaete Proclea graffi and ostracods, reflecting more favourable environmental conditions. Such changes in macrofaunal communities highlight the vulnerability of maerl beds to the impacts of aquaculture, thus emphasizing the importance of rigorous site selection when establishing new fish farming facilities.

Funder

Universidade da Coruña

Publisher

Wiley

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