1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
2. Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
4. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang China
5. Department of Aerospace Engineering; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66049 USA