Large durophagous fish from the Spathian (late Early Triassic) of Romania hints at earlier onset of the Triassic actinopterygian revolution

Author:

Cavin Lionel1ORCID,Argyriou Thodoris23ORCID,Romano Carlo4ORCID,Grădinaru Eugen5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geology & Palaeontology Natural History Museum CP 6434 1211 Geneva 6 Switzerland

2. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Richard‐Wagner‐Straße 10 80333 Munich Germany

3. Geobiocenter Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Richard‐Wagner‐Straße 10 80333 Munich Germany

4. Palaeontological Institute & Museum, University of Zurich Karl Schmid‐Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland

5. Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology & Geophysics University of Bucharest Blvd. Bălcescu Nicolae 1 RO‐010041 Bucharest Romania

Abstract

AbstractFossil evidence suggests that ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) diversified greatly after the largest mass extinction event at the Permian–Triassic boundary. This radiation resulted in a diversity peak in the Middle Triassic, which is manifested in diverse feeding specializations, especially among small‐bodied Neopterygii. We present new material from an early Spathian (Early Triassic) outcrop in northern Dobrogea, southeast Romania. The material includes isolated jaw and palatal bones that evidently belong to a single individual, a durophagous actinopterygian, and isolated scales referred to the same taxon. A systematic evaluation of this material indicates affinities with †Polzbergiidae, and provides a first glimpse of internal aspects of the feeding apparatus of that group. A pair of ectopterygoids with crushing dentition show a well‐developed lateral process, a feature that was previously proposed to be a synapomorphy uniting Cladistia (bichirs) with the Triassic †Scanilepiformes. The recognition of this structure in various Triassic ray‐fins (summarized herein) indicates that it was probably widespread among stem neopterygians. The new material belongs to a large individual with a heterodont dentition, therefore representing the earliest large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian. It increases the group's morphological diversity in the Spathian, and hints at an earlier trophic diversification after the mass extinction. Based on new data, we analyse changes in body size of bony fishes through the Early and Middle Triassic. Current evidence suggests that body size distribution remained skewed towards larger sizes in the late Early Triassic, and that the diversification of small‐bodied stem neopterygians had not yet been in full swing.

Funder

Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung

Publisher

Wiley

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