Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor—Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates

Author:

Klaey‐Tassone Magali1,Soussignan Robert1,Durand Karine1,Roy Sarah Le2,Damon Fabrice1,Villière Angélique2,Fillonneau Catherine2,Prost Carole2,Patris Bruno1ORCID,Sagot Paul3,Schaal Benoist1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265) Université de Bourgogne‐Inrae‐Institut Agro Dijon France

2. Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés‐Environnement‐Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144) ONIRIS Nantes France

3. Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology University Hospital Dijon and Université de Bourgogne Dijon France

Abstract

AbstractHuman milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart‐rate (HR) responses of 2‐day‐old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water. Second, the hedonic specificity of total colostrum odor was tested against vanilla odor. Third, we delivered only the fresh effluvium of colostrum separated from the colostrum matrix; the stability of this colostrum effluvium was then tested after deep congelation; finally, after sorptive extraction of fresh colostrum headspace, we assessed the activity of colostrum volatiles eluting from the gas chromatograph (GC). Regardless of the stimulus‐delivery method, neonates displayed attraction reactions (HR decrease) as well as appetitive oral responses to the odor of total colostrum but not to vanilla odor. The effluvium separated from the fresh colostrum matrix remained appetitive but appeared labile under deep freezing. Finally, volatiles from fresh colostrum effluvium remained behaviorally active after GC elution, although at lower magnitude. In sum, fresh colostrum effluvium and its eluate elicited a consistent increase in newborns’ oral activity (relative to water or vanilla), and they induced shallow HR decrease. Newborns’ appetitive oral behavior was the most reproducible response criterion to the effluvium of colostrum. In conclusion, a set of unidentified volatile compounds from human colostrum is robust enough after extraction from the original matrix and chromatographic processing to continue eliciting appetitive responses in neonates, thus opening new directions to isolate and assay specific volatile molecules of colostrum.

Funder

Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Publisher

Wiley

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