1. Guangzhou Maritime University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
2. Hebei Higher Institute of Transportation Infrastructure Research and Development Center for Digital and Intelligent Technology Application Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering Cangzhou Hebei China
3. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands
4. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Haidian District China
5. College of Surveying and Geo‐informatics Tongji University Shanghai China
6. Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan Shandong China