Prison mental health in South‐East Asia: A narrative review

Author:

Arafat S. M. Yasir12ORCID,Kar Sujita Kumar3,Abhayanayake Chittahari4,Sharma Pawan5,Marthoenis M.6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry Bangladesh Specialized Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

2. Biomedical Research Foundation Dhaka Bangladesh

3. Department of Psychiatry King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

4. Department of Forensic Psychiatry National Hospital Kandy Kandy Sri Lanka

5. Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Patan Academy of Health Sciences Lalitpur Nepal

6. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundSouth‐East Asia is a densely populated region with a considerable, however, under‐prioritized mental health burden. Little is known about the mental health burden and services status in the prisons of the region.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the individual country‐wise prison mental health status in South‐East Asian region.MethodsWe performed a narrative review based on the evidence available in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Google, and Google Scholar considering the review objectives. We highlighted country perspectives on total population, prison numbers, prisoner numbers, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide among prisoners, prison mental health services, current challenges, and ways ahead.ResultsWe discussed the prison mental health of five countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka). We found overcrowding (131.4%–215.6%) in the prisons, a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the prisons (40%–100%), negligible prison mental health services, and a lack of data on prison suicide with some variations among the five countries. Among the countries, Bangladesh has the highest prevalence (66.4%–100%) of psychiatric morbidity with an absence of a mental health system.ConclusionsPrison mental health in tSouth‐East Asia is a neglected domain and warrants attention regarding ensuring adequate mental health services to the prisoners as there are high unmet mental health needs and an absence of poorly supported mental health needs.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference73 articles.

1. Adhyatmac M. Z. Diatri H. &Yunaini L.(2015).Hubungan faktor lama masa menjalani hukuman dengan gangguan jiwa pada narapidana wanita di Rumah Tahanan Kelas IIA Jakarta Timur tahun 2015 (relation between length of serving time and mental disorders in women prisoners at Class II of East Jakarta Jail in 2015).Universitas Indonesia Library.https://lib.ui.ac.id

2. Collaborative Tele-Neuropsychiatry Consultation Services for Patients in Central Prisons

3. Forensic Psychiatry in Bangladesh

4. Amnesty International. (2024).SOUTH ASIA.Amnesty International.https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/asia‐and‐the‐pacific/south‐asia/

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