Optimization of phosphorus recovery using electrochemical struvite precipitation and comparison with iron electrocoagulation system

Abstract

AbstractA batch monopolar reactor was developed for total phosphorus (TP) recovery using electrochemical struvite precipitation. This study involves the optimization of factors using response surface methodology to maximize the TP recovery. The optimal parameters for this study were found to be a pH of 8.40, a retention time of 35 min, a current density of 300 A/m2, and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, resulting in 97.3% of TP recovery and energy consumption of 2.35 kWh/m3. A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimum operating conditions, TP removal follows second‐order kinetics (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m2·min)). The system performance was compared to the performance of an iron electrocoagulation system. The composition of the precipitate obtained during the optimal runs were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and EDS analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the magnesium precipitate revealed the presence of struvite as the only crystalline compound.Practitioner Points Electrochemical struvite precipitation has the potential to recover total phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent. Optimum conditions for phosphorus recovery was found at a pH of 8.4, retention time of 35 min, current density of 300 A/m2, and interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm. The quadratic model predicted complete (100 %) TP recovery under optimized conditions, whereas 97.3 % recovery was observed under experimental conditions. TP removal under optimum conditions followed second‐order rate equation (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m2·min)). XRD analysis of the precipitate revealed struvite as the only crystalline compound.