Affiliation:
1. Department of Biological Chemistry The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat‐Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
2. Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences Stanford School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
Abstract
AbstractStroke is a significant public health concern for elderly individuals. However, the majority of pre‐clinical studies utilize young and healthy rodents, which may result in failure of candidate therapies in clinical trials. In this brief review/perspective, the complex link between circadian rhythms, aging, innate immunity, and the gut microbiome to ischemic injury onset, progression, and recovery is discussed. Short‐chain fatty acids and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) production by the gut microbiome are highlighted as key mechanisms with profound rhythmic behavior, and it is suggested to boost them as prophylactic/therapeutic approaches. Integrating aging, its associated comorbidities, and circadian regulation of physiological processes into stroke research may increase the translational value of pre‐clinical studies and help to schedule the optimal time window for existing practices to improve stroke outcome and recovery.