Application of synthetic lipid droplets in metabolic diseases

Author:

Zhao Pengxiang12,Zhao Zichen1,Yu Ziwei1,Chen Lupeng1,Jin Yi1,Wu Jian13,Ren Zhuqing134ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei P. R. China

2. College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong P. R. China

3. Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production Wuhan Hubei P. R. China

4. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan Hubei P. R. China

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe study and synthesis of membrane organelles are becoming increasingly important, not only as simplified cellular models for corresponding molecular and metabolic studies but also for applications in synthetic biology of artificial cells and drug delivery vehicles. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles in cellular lipid metabolism and are involved in almost all metabolic processes. Multiple studies have also demonstrated a high correlation between LDs and metabolic diseases. During these processes, LDs reveal a highly dynamic character, with their lipid fraction, protein composition and subcellular localisation constantly changing in response to metabolic demands. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have not been fully understood due to the limitations of cell biology approaches. Fortunately, developments in synthetic biology have provided a huge breakthrough for metabolism research, and methods for in vitro synthesis of LDs have been successfully established, with great advances in protein binding, lipid function, membrane dynamics and enzymatic reactions.Aims and methodsIn this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the assembly and function of endogenous LDs, from the generation of lipid molecules to how they are assembled into LDs in the endoplasmic reticulum. In particular, we highlight two major classes of synthetic LD models for fabrication techniques and their recent advances in biology and explore their roles and challenges in achieving real applications of artificial LDs in the future.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Molecular Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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