Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes

Abstract

BackgroundCannabis policy continues to be controversial in North America, Europe and Australia.AimsTo inform this debate, we examine alternative legal regimes for controlling cannabis availability and use.MethodWe review evidence on the effects of cannabis depenalisation in the USA, Australia and The Netherlands. We update and extend our previous (MacCoun & Reuter, 1997) empirical comparison of cannabis prevalence statistics in the USA, The Netherlands and other European nations.ResultsThe available evidence indicates that depenalisation of the possession of small quantities of cannabis does not increase cannabis prevalence. The Dutch experience suggests that commercial promotion and sales may significantly increase cannabis prevalence.ConclusionsAlternatives to an aggressively enforced cannabis prohibition are feasible and merit serious consideration. A model of depenalised possession and personal cultivation has many of the advantages of outright legalisation with few of its risks.