Author:
Brunoni André R.,Moffa Adriano H.,Fregni Felipe,Palm Ulrich,Padberg Frank,Blumberger Daniel M.,Daskalakis Zafiris J.,Bennabi Djamila,Haffen Emmanuel,Alonzo Angelo,Loo Colleen K.
Abstract
BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-pharmacological intervention for depression. It has mixed results, possibly caused by study heterogeneity.AimsTo assess tDCS efficacy and to explore individual response predictors.MethodSystematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.ResultsData were gathered from six randomised sham-controlled trials, enrolling 289 patients. Active tDCS was significantly superior to sham for response (34% v. 19% respectively, odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% CI 1.38–4.32, number needed to treat (NNT) = 7), remission (23.1% v. 12.7% respectively, OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.22–4.64, NNT = 9) and depression improvement (B coefficient 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.57). Mixed-effects models showed that, after adjustment for other predictors and confounders, treatment-resistant depression and higher tDCS ‘doses' were, respectively, negatively and positively associated with tDCS efficacy.ConclusionsThe effect size of tDCS treatment was comparable with those reported for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and antidepressant drug treatment in primary care. The most important parameters for optimisation in future trials are depression refractoriness and tDCS dose.
Publisher
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health
Cited by
283 articles.
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