Effect of enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of oltipraz in rats

Abstract

Abstract A series of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, using various inducers and inhibitors of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, was conducted to study oltipraz pharmacokinetics in rats. In in-vivo studies, oltipraz at a dose of 10 mg kg−1 was administered intravenously to rats. In rats pretreated with SKF 525-A (a nonspecific CYP isozyme inhibitor in rats; n = 9), the time-averaged total body clearance (CL) of oltipraz was significantly slower (56.6% decrease) than that in untreated rats (n = 9). This indicated that oltipraz is metabolized via CYP isozymes in rats. Hence, various enzyme inducers or inhibitors were used in in-vitro and in-vivo studies in rats. In rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (n = 9 and 8 for untreated and treated groups, respectively), phenobarbital (n = 7 and 10 for untreated and treated groups, respectively) or dexamethasone (n = 7 and 12 for untreated and treated groups, respectively) (main inducers of CYP1A1/2, 2B1/2 and 3A1/2 in rats, respectively), the CL values were significantly faster (38.4, 94.4 and 33.6% increase, respectively). In rats pretreated with sulfaphenazole (n = 8 and 9 for untreated and treated groups, respectively), quinine (n = 7 and 9 for untreated and treated groups, respectively) or troleandomycin (n = 8 and 9 for untreated and treated groups, respectively) (main inhibitors of CYP2C11, 2D1 and 3A1/2 in rats, respectively), the CL values were significantly slower (31.0, 27.6 and 36.3% decrease, respectively). The in-vivo results with various enzyme inhibitors correlated well with the in-vitro intrinsic clearance for disappearance of oltipraz (CLint) (n = 5, each). The above data suggested that oltipraz could be metabolized in male rats mainly via CYP1A1/2, 2B1/2, 2C11, 3A1/2 and 2D1.