Drought Survival and Recuperative Ability of Bentgrass Species Associated with Changes in Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Production

Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins are two groups of plant hormones that play important roles in regulating plant responses to decreases in soil water availability. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether species variability in drought survival and recovery for colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) were related to changes in ABA and cytokinin content. Plants of ‘Tiger II’ colonial bentgrass, ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass, and ‘Greenwich’ velvet bentgrass were subjected to two soil moisture treatments: 1) well-watered controls, irrigated three times per week; and 2) drought, irrigation completely withheld for 16 days. For recovery, previously drought-stressed plants were rewatered and irrigated three times per week to evaluate the recovery potential for each species. Drought stress resulted in significant declines in turf quality (TQ), shoot extension rates, canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), daily evapotranspiration rate (ET), and cytokinin content, and significant increases in ABA content for all three bentgrass species. Velvet bentgrass exhibited less severe drought injury, as exhibited by higher TQ, Pn, and daily ET rate compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Velvet bentgrass also had significantly less ABA accumulation, which could allow for continued gas exchange and sustained plant survival during drought stress compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Upon rewatering after drought stress, colonial bentgrass exhibited more rapid recovery in turfgrass growth and water use compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass. The higher recuperative ability of colonial bentgrass could be associated with its more rapid decline in ABA content and increases in cytokinin content compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass.