Fritillaria Species Are at Risk of Extinction in Iran: Study on Effective Factors and Necessity of International Attention

Abstract

The fascinating Fritillaria genus includes 100 species, of which 14 species are native to Iran. Iran is center of origin and genetic diversity of important species like F. imperialis and F. persica. Unfortunately, in recent years wild populations of these valuable plants, which have commercial value, are at risk of extinction in Iran. Effective factors on extinction of F. imperialis and F. persica were investigated in 2 years (2003 and 2004). The important factors were: 1) irregular grazing of Fritillaria stands (provenances); 2) in Iran, there is no protecting rule for saving Fritillaria from extinction; 3) changing of pastures to dry farms; 4) pest overflows that are related to destruction of pastures; and 5) Fritillaria are not commercially cultivated in Iran. Because of poverty, native people eradicate Fritillaria with their bulbs and transfer them to florists' shops. Prevention of this tragedy and conservation of Fritillaria require international attention. Because of these factors, Fritillaria will be removed rapidly from their place of origin.