Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Qulihai Pluton in the Northern Margin of the Yili Block, NW China

Abstract

Abstract Despite extensive research work that has been done, whether the northern margin of the Yili Block (YB) is still an active continental margin during the early Carboniferous period is still in debate. Herein, we conducted zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Lu–Hf isotope studies on the Qulihai pluton in the northern margin of the YB to constrain the petrogenesis and dynamic process. The Qulihai pluton is a granitoid complex that is composed of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, and syenogranite. The zircon U–Pb dating results revealed that the pluton was formed and emplaced between 346 and 342 Ma. The three different Qulihai pluton rock types had comparable εHf(t) values, ranging from +3 to +8. The corresponding two-stage model ages of 817–1182 Ma indicated their potential derivation from the Meso-Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. The Qulihai pluton typically features medium-to-high SiO2, K2O, and Al2O3 contents and low MgO and Fe2O3T contents. The quartz diorite and quartz monzonite samples had Mg# values of 43–47, indicating the input of mantle-derived melts in the source area. In contrast, the source region of syenogranite was purely crustal material. The Qulihai pluton is mainly characterized as strong metaluminous moderate-to-high-K cal-alkaline rocks of the I-type granite series, which are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements while exhibiting active continental margin island arc magmatism. Our findings, combined with the comprehensive analysis of previous studies, suggest that the Qulihai pluton formation resulted from the subduction of the North Tianshan oceanic crust beneath the YB during the early Carboniferous period, contemporary with the tectonic regime transition from subduction advance to subduction retreat.