Bacterial Community of Neutral Mine Drainage of Elizabeth’s Shaft (Slovinky, Slovakia)

Abstract

Neutral mine drainage is the less frequent subject of the interest than acid mine drainage but it can have adverse environmental eff ects caused mainly by precipitation of dissolved Fe. Th e aim of the study was to characterize the composition of bacterial population in environment with high concentration of iron and sulfur compounds represented by neutral mine drainage water of Elizabeth’s shaft , Slovinky (Slovakia). Th e pH value of drainage water decreased from 7.1 to 6.5 during the years 2008–2014. Direct microscopic observations, cultivation methods, and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons were used to examine the bacterial population. Microscopic observations identifi ed iron–oxidizing Proteobacteria of the genera Gallionella and Leptothrix which occurrence was not changed during the years 2008–2014. Using 454 pyrosequencing, there were identifi ed members of 204 bacterial genera that belonged to 25 phyla. Proteobacteria (69.55%), followed by Chlorofl exi (10.31%) and Actinobacteria (4.24%) dominated the bacterial community. Genera Azotobacter (24.52%) and Pseudomonas (14.15%), followed by iron–oxidizing Proteobacteria Dechloromonas (11%) and Methyloversatilis (8.53%) were most abundant within bacterial community. Typical sulfur bacteria were detected with lower frequency, e.g., Desulfobacteraceae (0.25%), Desulfovibrionaceae (0.16%), or Desulfobulbaceae (0.11%). Our data indicate that the composition of bacterial community of the Elizabeth’s shaft drainage water refl ects observed neutral pH, high level of iron and sulfur ions in this aquatic habitat.