A new approach to stabilization of the production process of fruit culture cultivars under climate fluctuation

Abstract

The stability of fruiting of fruit crops is highly dependent on exposure to natural environmental factors, primarily climate. For fruit crops (especially stone fruit) most destructive were negative air temperatures in winter and spring, which was revealed with the execution of this research. With the aim of developing a new approach to stabilization of production process of fruit crops in conditions of climate fluctuations assessment of plant adaptation of two peach cultivars (Golden Jubilee and the Veteran) in different ecological zones of horticulture (the Kuban and the Western foothills of the Krasnodar territory) for two long periods - 1985-2000 and 2001-2020), covering climate change. The new approach provides for the evaluation of plant production process of the studied cultivars on the manifestation of their adaptation to low temperatures in the winter-spring period in the particular phases of ontogenesis, with the consideration of the fluctuations of climate. The matrix of flower buds stability of the studied peach cultivars was worked out for each phase of winter-spring development. The probability of occurrence of stressful temperatures that destroy their crops over two long periods of years, taking into account climate change, was established. The most vulnerable periods of onset of temperature stress for peach cultivars in various areas of horticulture were identified. It shows the change in the ranks of their adaptation to the destructive temperatures of the winter-spring period (in time and space). Suggestions are given for adjusting the rational placement of peach cultivars, taking into account the success of the production process. The algorithm of a new approach to the stabilization of the production process of cultivars of fruit crops is presented.