Presence of Human G Rotavirus Genotypes Amongst Bovine Calves and its Combination with P Genotypes

Abstract

Background: Bovine Rotavirus is one of the most important viral etiological agent responsible for causing neonatal diarrhea incurring severe economic loss to farmers. The presence of large genome size, segmented nature and absence of proof reading activity of RNA polymerase leads to frequent reassortment and thus emergence of new G and P types with ability of interspecies transmission. Methods: During an epidemiological study (July 2016 to July 2019) 200 diarrheic fecal samples were screened for Bovine Rotavirus A using ELISA and RNA-PAGE. Further, twenty two positive samples for RVA were subjected to molecular detection for VP6, VP4 and VP7 genes. Result: Ten (20/200) and 11(22/200) percent diarrheic fecal samples were found positive using ELISA and RNA-PAGE respectively. Twenty samples found positive in ELISA were also found positive in RNA-PAGE. Amongst which 22 (100%) samples were found positive for VP6, while 15 (68.18%) samples showed amplification for VP4 and VP7 gene. All Rotavirus A positive samples were genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR assay. G1G3 was found to be most predominant (53.33%) followed by G3 (26.66%), while one sample each showed the presence of G1G5 and G3G8 (6.66%). Ten samples showed mixed genotype (66.66%). One sample was non typeable (6.66%). Among the P types, P[11] was the most predominant (73.33%), while one sample each showed the presence of P[5] and P[5]P[11] (6.66%) and 02 samples were non typeable (13.33%). The G and P genotype combination determined in 12 samples were as follows; G3P [11] found in two samples (16.66%), G3P[5] in 01(08.33%), G1G5P[11] in 01(08.33%), G1G3P[11] in 07 (58.33%), while 01 (08.33%) sample had mixed genotype G1G3P[5]P[11] combination.