Molecular Diagnostic Strategies for the Detection of Toxicological Changes in Animals: A Review

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and successful green revolution have introduced a wide array of chemicals into our environment; some of these chemicals entered in ecosystem; gets accumulated and exert serious health and ecological problems. These toxic substances can enter the food chain and emphasize pathological changes which damage either cell, organ or system (circulatory, immune, respiratory, digestive, nervous, reproductive and musculo-skeletal etc.) by altering structure and/or function of biological components; DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. This review article provides certain molecular diagnostic techniques used for their robust and accurate detection at molecular level. Investigations conducted during 2020-2021 where various review and research articles were surveyed and then extracted to enlist congestive datum for rapid detection of toxicological changes in animals. In our investigations we concluded that toxic substances present in our environment affects health of animals by altering structure and functioning of biomolecules and their concerned system. These cytological and systemic changes can be detected with the help of molecular diagnostic techniques including dideoxysequencing, pyrosequencing, allele specific RT-PCR, CRISPER/Cas, genotyping and microarrays etc. present collection of data will provide congestive information for rapid toxicological detection at molecular level.