Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality (VR) usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible
for the subsequent discomfort sensation.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session.
Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values
were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) was applied to assess discomfort, and the
relation with evaluated parameters was investigated.
Results: Twenty volunteers (mean age 29.80±0.57 years) included 11 females (55%) and 9 males (45%). The mean spherical equivalent
refractive error was – 1.94±0.28 diopters and 5 (25%) volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.23±0.02 mm (x-axis) and
0.11±0.01 mm (y-axis). Post-VR, the median [(interquartile range (IQR)] stereopsis decreased from 30 (30-60) to 60 (60-60) arc
seconds (P