IFN-λ: A New Class of Interferon with Distinct Functions-Implications for Hepatitis C Virus Research

Abstract

Pegylated interferon-αand ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) is widely used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection with notorious adverse reactions since the broad expression of IFN-αreceptors on all nucleated cells. Accordingly, a Type III IFN with restricted receptors distribution is much safer as an alternative for HCV therapy. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the humanIFN-λ3gene,IL-28B, correlate strongly with the ability to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) to therapy with pegylated IFN-αplus ribavirin in patients infected with chronic hepatitis C. Furthermore, we also discuss the most recent findings:IFN-λ4predicts treatment outcomes of HCV infection. In consideration of the apparent limitations of current HCV therapy, especially high failure rate and universal side effects, prediction of treatment outcomes prior to the initiation of treatment and developing new alternative drugs are two important goals in HCV research.