Full Kinetics and a Mechanistic Investigation of the Green Protocol for Synthesis of β-Aminoketone in the Presence of Saccharose as a Catalyst by a One-Pot Three-Component Reaction

Abstract

For the first time, in a green protocol, an investigation of the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between benzaldehyde 1, 4-chloroanilinne 2, and acetophenone 3 compounds in the presence of saccharose as a catalyst was performed for generating β-aminoketone. For determining the kinetic parameters, the reaction was monitored by using the UV/Vis spectrophotometry technique. The second order rate constant (k1) was automatically calculated by the standard equations contained within the program. In the studied temperature range, the second order rate constant (ln k1, ln k1/T) depended on reciprocal temperature that was in good consistent with Arrhenius and Eyring equations, respectively. These data provided the suitable plots for calculating the activation energy and parameters (Ea, ΔG‡, ΔS‡, and ΔH‡) of the reaction. Furthermore, useful information was obtained from studying the effects of solvent, concentration, and catalyst on the reaction mechanism. The results showed that the first step of the reaction mechanism is a rate determining step (RDS). The obtained experimental data and also the steady state assumption confirmed the proposed mechanism.