Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activities of Methanolic Subfractions ofScrophularia oxysepalaagainst Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Herbs have played a positive role in medicine for thousands of years. In the current study, we investigated the cytotoxicity effects ofScrophularia oxysepalamethanolic subfractions and the underlying mechanism responsible for cell death in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells) and mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164 cells). From 60% and 80% methanolic fractions, four subfractions (Fa, Fb, Fc, and Fd), yielded from size exclusion by Sephadex-LH20 column chromatography, were chosen. MTT assay revealed that all subfractions significantly reduced cell viability after 24 h and 36 h in a dose-dependent manner; it is worth noting that Fa and Fb subfractions had the highest cytotoxicity, withIC50values of 52.9 and 61.2 μg/mL in MCF-7 at 24 h, respectively. ELISA, TUNEL, and DNA fragmentation assay revealed that antiproliferative effects of all subfractions were associated with apoptosis on cancer cells, without any significant effect on L929 normal cells. qRT-PCR data showed that, after 24 h treatment withIC50concentrations of the subfractions, caspase-3 expression was increased in cancer cells while the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased.S. oxysepalamethanolic subfractions induce apoptosis in MCF-7 and WEHI-164 cells and could be considered as a source of natural anticancer agents.