Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory

Author:

Zhang Zi-ang1ORCID,Sun Yafei2,Yuan Ziyan3,Wang Lei4,Dong Qian2,Zhou Yang2,Zheng Gang2ORCID,Aschner Michael5,Zou Yuankang2ORCID,Luo Wenjing2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China

2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China

3. Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China

4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China

5. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA

Abstract

The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.

Funder

Innovative Research Team in University

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Aging,General Medicine,Biochemistry

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