Biomechanical Comparison of Multilevel Lumbar Instrumented Fusions in Adult Spinal Deformity According to the Upper and Lower Fusion Levels: A Finite Element Analysis

Author:

Son Dong-Min1,Lee Soo-Bin2ORCID,Lee Sung-Jae1,Park Tae-Hyun1,Jang Ji Eun3,Jeong Seung Jo3,Kang Young-Mi4,Lee Byung Ho4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, 25, Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea

3. GS Medical Co., Ltd., 90 Osongsaengmyeong 4-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28161, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Multilevel lumbar fusion with posterior pedicle screw fixation is a widely performed surgical procedure for the management of adult spinal deformity. However, there has not been a comprehensive biomechanical study on the different types of fusion levels in terms of stability and possible complications. We aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of multilevel lumbar fusion according to different types of upper and lower fusion levels. Six different types of fusions were performed using three-dimensional finite element models. Type A and B referred to the group of which upper fusion level was L1 and T10, respectively. Subtype 1, 2, and 3 referred to the group of which lower fusion level was L5, S1, and ilium, respectively (A1, L1-L5; A2, L1-S1; A3, L1-ilium; B1, T10-L5; B2, T10-S1; B3, T10-ilium). Flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending moments were applied, and the risk of screw loosening and failure and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) was analyzed. Stress at the bone-screw interface of type B3 was lowest in overall motions. The risk of screw failure showed increasing pattern as the upper and lower levels extended in all motions. Proximal range of motion (ROM) increased as the lower fusion level changed from L5 to S1 and the ilium. For axial rotation, type B3 showed higher proximal ROM (16.2°) than type A3 (11.8°). In multilevel lumbar fusion surgery for adult spinal deformity, adding iliac screws and increasing the fusion level to T10-ilium may lower the risk of screw loosening. In terms of screw failure and proximal ASD, however, T10-ilium fusion has a higher potential risk compared with other fusion types. These results will contribute for surgeons to provide adequate patient education regarding screw failure and proximal ASD, when performing multilevel lumbar fusion.

Funder

Ministry of Food and Drug Safety

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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