The Formation of Biofilms byPseudomonas aeruginosa: A Review of the Natural and Synthetic Compounds Interfering with Control Mechanisms

Abstract

P. aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for both acute and chronic infections. Beyond its natural resistance to many drugs, its ability to form biofilm, a complex biological system, renders ineffective the clearance by immune defense systems and antibiotherapy. The objective of this report is to provide an overview (i) onP. aeruginosabiofilm lifestyle cycle, (ii) on the main key actors relevant in the regulation of biofilm formation byP. aeruginosaincluding QS systems,GacS/GacAandRetS/LadStwo-component systems and C-di-GMP-dependent polysaccharides biosynthesis, and (iii) finally on reported natural and synthetic products that interfere with control mechanisms of biofilm formation byP. aeruginosawithout affecting directly bacterial viability. Concluding remarks focus on perspectives to consider biofilm lifestyle as a target for eradication of resistant infections caused byP. aeruginosa.