1. Department of Computer Science and Information, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
2. Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia
3. School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
4. School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, UEL, University Way, Dockland Campus, London E16 2RD, UK