Human Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Elementary School Children in Merawi Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Intestinal parasitic infection is still common in Ethiopia. Periodic evaluation of the current status of human intestinal parasitic infections (HIPIs) is a prerequisite to controlling these health threats. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinant factors of HIPIs among elementary school-age children in Merawi town. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study design was used among 403 children. The direct wet mount method was used to diagnose the stool samples. The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results. Out of the 403 students, the overall prevalence of HIPIs was 173 (42.9%). The magnitudes of single and double infections were 39.7% and 3.2%, respectively. Seventy-two (17.9%) were positive for Entamoeba histolytica, 63 (15.4%) for Giardia lamblia, 28 (9.6%) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 22 (6.9%) for hookworm, and 1 (0.2%) for Schistosoma mansoni. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high in the age group of 6–11 years compared to other age groups. The following were the risk factors associated with HIPIs: groups aging 6 to 11 ( $\text{AOR}=9.581$ ; 95% CI: 0.531-17.498; $P=0.008$ ), aging 12 to 18 ( $\text{AOR}=3.047$ ; 95% CI: 0.055-1.828; $P=0.008$ ), not washing of hands after defecation ( $\text{AOR}=3.683$ ; 95% CI; 1.577-8.598; $P=0.003$ ), not regularly washing of hands after defecation ( $\text{AOR}=2.417$ ; 95% CI; 1.224-4.774; $P=0.003$ ), dirty fingernails ( $\text{AOR}=2.639$ ; 95% CI: 1.388-5.020; $P=0.003$ ), not wearing shoes ( $\text{AOR}=2.779$ ; 95% CI: 1.267-6.096; $P=0.011$ ), rural residence ( $\text{AOR}=6.6$ ; 95% CI; 0.06-0.351; $P<0.0001$ ), and a family size greater than or equal to five ( $\text{AOR}=2.160$ ; 95% CI: 1.179-3.956; $P=0.013$ ). Conclusion. The prevalence of HIPIs among elementary school children in Merawi town was very high. Thus, there is a need for intensive health education for behavioral changes related to personal hygiene and mass treatment for effective control of HIPIs in the study area.