Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Advancements: A Review of Evolving Strategies

Abstract

Women around the world are most frequently afflicted with breast cancer, and it is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in females. Breast cancer is usually classified according to biomarker status, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a distinct subtype characterized by immunohistochemical findings that denote negativity for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) on cancer tissue. It is more common in younger women than in other subtypes. As an invasive breast cancer subtype with a unique drug-resistant phenotype and metastatic burden, it has limited treatment options, and patients have a poor prognosis with high rates of local, distant recurrence and mortality, and there is still a lack of standardized treatment protocols for TNBC. In this review, we delve into the current treatment strategies for TNBC and explore the potential for new approaches and targets in the future. This trial is registered with NCT03997123.