Characteristics of Virulence Genes of Clinically Isolated Staphylococci in Jingzhou Area

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of this study was to further understand the distribution characteristics of staphylococcal virulence genes in the Jingzhou area, in order to provide a basis for clinically effective treatments and prevention and control measures. Methods. A total of 181 strains of staphylococci were collected from Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University from April 2013 to April 2021, which were divided into the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and the methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) by an antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR method. The 73 MRSA strains were classified by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and Staphylococcus protein A (Spa). Sea, sec, seh, sek, seb, seq, sep, Tsst-1, clfA, clfB, fnbA, hla, hld, hlg, lukE, bbp, cna, eap, ebpS, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE, and Pvl genes were also detected in all strains. The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis for comparison between groups. Results. The 181 strains of staphylococci were divided into 97 strains of MRSA, 54 strains of MSSA, and 30 strains of CoNS. 73 MRSA strains were derived from clinical specimens such as lower respiratory tract, secretions, sepsis secreted by tissue infection, urine, and hydrothorax. There were 70 strains that can be identified including SCCmec types and 15 Spa types of all strains, while the most popular types were SCCmecIII-t030 and SCCmecIV-t437 from lower respiratory tract specimens. There were four virulence genes that were detected including seb, seq, clfB, and hld in CoNS strains, while the detection rates of these four virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus were higher than that of CoNS, and the differences were statistically significant, $P<0.05\left(P=0.004,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.001\right)$ . 23 virulence genes were detected in 151 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, among which the detection rate of the Tsst-1 gene was the lowest and that of the clfB gene was the highest, and the other genes were 4.6%∼98.0%. The detection rates of sea, sek, seb, seq, sep, cna, eap, ebpS, sdrC, and sdrE virulence genes in MRSA were higher than that of MSSA, and the differences were statistically significant, $P<0.05$ ( $P=0.001,P=0.001,$ , $P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.009,$ , $P=0.019,P=0.001,$ , $P=0.001,P=0.001,$ , $P=0.003$ ). Conclusion. The mainly prevalent type of MRSA strains in Jingzhou is SCCmecIII-t030 in lower respiratory tract specimens. Virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic drug resistance rates are also different from other regions. In this experiment, virulence genes were also detected in CoNS, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of these strains clinically.