Solution Processed Silver Nanoparticles in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract

A plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is studied. The solutions of silver nitrate in isopropanol, ethylene glycol, or in TiO2sol were examined as possible precursors for Ag NPs formation. The solutions were dip-coated on the top of the porous TiO2layer. The results of optical measurements confirmed the formation of Ag NPs throughout the porous TiO2layer after the heat treatment of the layers above 100°C. Heat treatment at 220°C was found to be optimal regarding the formation of the Ag NPs. The porous TiO2layers with Ag NPs have been evaluated also in DSSC by measuring current-voltage characteristics and the external quantum efficiency of the cells. In addition, the amount of adsorbed dye has been determined to prove the plasmonic effect in the cells. TheI-Vcharacterization of the DSSCs revealed an increase of the short circuit current in the presence of Ag NPs although the amount of the attached dye molecules decreased. These results confirm that the performance enhancement is related to the plasmonic effect. However, neither a thin sol-gel TiO2layer nor poly(4-vinylpyridine) shells provide effective protection for the long term stability of the Ag NPs against the corrosion ofI3-/I-based electrolyte.