1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, TEI of Crete, P.O. Box 1939, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
3. School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK