Dynamical Analysis on a Malaria Model with Relapse Preventive Treatment and Saturated Fumigation

Abstract

Malaria has produced health issues in many parts of the world. One of the reason is due to the recurrence phenomenon, which can happen years after the main infection has appeared in the human body. Furthermore, the fumigation intervention, which has become a major worry in several regions of the world, has yielded unsatisfactory results, as seen by the high number of cases reported each year in several African countries. We present a novel mathematical model that integrates tafenoquine treatments to prevent relapse in the human population and saturation fumigation to control mosquito populations in this study. The endemic threshold, also known as the basic reproduction number, is calculated analytically, as is the existence and local stability of the equilibrium points. Through careful investigation, we discovered that the malaria-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one and unstable if it is greater than one. According to the sensitivity analysis, the utilization of tafenoquine treatment is inversely proportional to the basic reproduction number. Although our model never exhibits a backward bifurcation at the basic reproduction number equal to one, we have demonstrated that it is possible; when the basic reproduction number is greater than one, two stable malaria-endemic equilibrium can exist. As a result, when the basic reproduction number is more than one, the final state will be determined by the initial condition of the population. As a result, enormous temporal fumigation can shift the stability of our malaria model from a big endemic size to a smaller endemic size, which is more advantageous in terms of the malaria prevention strategy. Despite the fact that this is not a case study, the numerical results presented in this article are intended to support any theoretical analysis of current malaria eradication tactics in the field.