Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Deep Thyroid Nodule: Is There a Correlation between the Nodule’s Depth and Nondiagnostic Results?

Author:

Asakly Majd12ORCID,Farhat Raed12,El Khatib Nidal12,Khater Ashraf12,Safia Alaa12,karam Marwan12,Massoud Saqer12,Bishara Taiser12,Avraham Yaniv3ORCID,Sharabi-Nov Adi3,Merchavy Shlomo12

Affiliation:

1. Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Unit, Rebecca Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel

2. Bar-Ilan University’s Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel

3. Research Wing, Rebecca Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate whether thyroid nodule depth correlates with nondiagnostic results in ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytopathology. Background. Many factors correlate with nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results, including older age, macrocalcification, small-sized nodules, aspirin medication, and cystic portion in more than 50% of the thyroid nodules. However, there are few studies which have examined whether there is a relationship between the depth of nodules and the percentage of nondiagnostic results in cytology (Bethesda category I). We conducted this study in order to investigate if such a correlation exists. Materials and Methods. FNAC was performed on 283 thyroid nodules between January 2019 and December 2020. Cytological analyses of the nodules were reviewed and sorted as nondiagnostic and diagnostic according to the Bethesda score. Patient files and ultra sound (US) scans were reviewed for clinical information (such as age, sex, and ethnic group) and sonographic features of nodules (such as depth, size, cystic portion, type of calcification, and echogenicity) and were compared between the nondiagnostic and diagnostic nodule results. The depth of a nodule was calculated as the shortest distance from the skin to the most superficial border of the nodule in the axial plane, using our medical center’s computer program, which allows reviewing all saved shots of the US scan. Results. Age, sex, and ethnicity were not significantly different between the nondiagnostic group and the diagnostic group ( p > 0.05 ). Nodule diameter, cystic portion, calcification, and echogenicity were also not associated with the frequency of nondiagnostic results. The depth of nodules ≥9 mm was correlated with nondiagnostic US-guided FNA cytological results (OR = 2.55, p = 0.018 ). Conclusions. Deep thyroid nodules correlated with nondiagnostic US-guided FNA cytological results. Further studies are needed for optimizing the approach to deep thyroid nodules in order to improve the efficacy of FNA in deep thyroid nodules.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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