Comparison of the Effects of Laparoscopic Surgery and Traditional Open Surgery on Stone Clearance, Laboratory Indexes and Life Quality in Patients with Renal Calculi

Abstract

Objective. A case-control study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery and traditional open surgery on stone clearance, laboratory indexes, and life quality in patients with renal calculi. Methods. During March 2017 to March 2022, 272 patients with complex renal calculi (CRC) cured in our hospital were assigned into control group ( $n=136$ ) and research group ( $n=136$ ) arbitrarily. The former accepted traditional open surgery, while the latter accepted laparoscopic surgery. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and time of getting out of bed were compared. The degree of postoperative incision pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). The life quality was assessed by the Comprehensive Assessment Questionnaire-74 (GQOL-74). The indexes of renal function and urine metabolism were measured. Then, the postoperative stone clearance rate and complications were calculated. Results. Operation time, blood loss intraoperatively, time out of bed, and hospitalization were all remarkably reduced in the research group, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). The complete stone clearance rates in study and control cohorts were 75.73% and 63.24%, respectively. The VAS scores were lessened after the operation. Compared with the two groups, the VAS scores of the research group were remarkably lower at 1 to 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). One week after operation, the levels of β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and renal injury molecule-1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim-1) in the research group were remarkably lower. The levels of urinary β 2-MG, NAG, and KIM-1 in the research group were remarkably lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). One week after operation, the levels of urinary oxalic acid, uric acid, and urinary calcium lessened averagely. The levels of urinary oxalic acid, uric acid, and urinary calcium in the research group were lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). The quality-of-life scores were compared. One week after the operation, the scores of physical function, psychological function, social function, and material function were all augmented, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). The incidence of complications was 9.56% and 2.21%, respectively. The incidence of complications in the research group was lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgery is successful when treating CRC, which is superior to invasive surgery in postoperative complications, stone clearance rate, improvement of postoperative renal function, and life quality. It is one of the ideal treatment methods for CRC. However, the role of open surgery when treating CRC cannot be ignored. This needs to be further confirmed by large samples of randomized controlled trials.