Female Genital Mutilation in Ghana: Prevalence and Socioeconomic Predictors

Abstract

Background. Each year, not less than three million women are circumcised, and more hundred million females have already been circumcised. In many African societies, the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a serious cultural practice. Aim: This current study is aimed at identifying the socioeconomic predictors of female genital mutilation in Ghana. Methods. The design adopted for this study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey relying on data from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2017/18. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used for associations. Results. Overall FGM prevalence, this study recorded was 11.7%. The region with the highest (50.5%) prevalence was the Upper West Region. Area of residence predicted rural ( $\text{AOR}=2.30$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=1.75–3.00$ ) Upper West/western Region ( $\text{AOR}=1.84$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=1.23–2.75$ ). In terms of ethnicity, the tribes that predicted FGM when compared with the Akan tribe were Guan ( $\text{AOR}=8.91$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=3.53–22.51$ ), Gruma ( $\text{AOR}=6.45$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=2.91–14.31$ ), Mole-Dagbani ( $\text{AOR}=38.10$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=21.20–68.49$ ), Grusi ( $\text{AOR}=45.30$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=24.47-83.49$ ), Mande ( $\text{AOR}=68.58$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=30.85-152.42$ ), and other tribes ( $\text{AOR}=29.33$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=16.11–53.39$ ). Women in the richest/poorest wealth index quintile ( $\text{AOR}=1.80$ , $95\%\text{C}.\text{I}.=1.19–2.72$ ). Conclusion. The study prevalence of FGM is still high in the northern part of Ghana, and the predicted factors were residence region, ethnicity, educational level, and economic status.