Emerging Insights into Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea andClostridium difficileInfection through the Lens of Microbial Ecology

Author:

Walk Seth T.1,Young Vincent B.12

Affiliation:

1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

Abstract

Antibiotics are the main, and often only, clinical intervention for prophylactic and active treatment of bacterial infections in humans. Perhaps it is not surprising that these drugs also shift the composition of commensal bacteria inside our bodies, especially those within the gut microbial community (microbiota). How these dynamics ultimately affect the function of the gut microbiota, however, is not fully appreciated. Likewise, how antibiotic induced changes facilitate the outgrowth and pathogenicity of certain bacterial strains remains largely enigmatic. Here, we discuss the merits of a microbial ecology approach toward understanding a common side effect of antibiotic use, antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and the opportunistic bacterial infections that sometimes underlie it. As an example, we discuss how this approach is being used to address complex disease dynamics duringClostridium difficileinfection.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology,Parasitology

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