Characteristics of Computed Tomography Images for Patients with Acute Liver Injury Caused by Sepsis under Deep Learning Algorithm

Abstract

This study was aimed at exploring the application of image segmentation based on full convolutional neural network (FCN) in liver computed tomography (CT) image segmentation and analyzing the clinical features of acute liver injury caused by sepsis. The Sigmoid function, encoder-decoder, and weighted cross entropy loss function were introduced and optimized based on FCN. The Dice value, precision, recall rate, volume overlap error (VOE), relative volume difference (RVD), and root mean square error (RMSE) values of the optimized algorithms were compared and analyzed. 92 patients with sepsis were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into a nonacute liver injury group (50 cases) and acute liver injury group (42 cases) based on whether they had acute liver injury. The differences in the proportion of patients with different disease histories, the proportion of patients with different infection sites, the number of organ failure, and the time of admission to intensive care unit (ICU) were compared between the two groups. It was found that the optimized window CT image Dice value after preprocessing (0.704 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than the other two methods ( $P<0.05$ ). The Dice value, precision, and recall rate of the optimized-FCN algorithm were (0.826 ± 0.06), (0.91 ± 0.08), and (0.88 ± 0.09), respectively, which were significantly higher than other algorithms ( $P<0.05$ ). The VOE, RVD, and RMSE values were (21.19 ± 1.97), (10.45 ± 1.02), and (0.25 ± 0.02), respectively, which were significantly lower than other algorithms ( $P<0.05$ ). The proportion of patients with a history of drinking in the nonacute liver injury group was lower than that in the acute liver injury group ( $P<0.05$ ), and the proportion of patients with a history of hypotension was greatly higher than that in the nonacute liver injury group ( $P<0.01$ ). CT images of sepsis patients with acute liver injury showed that large areas of liver parenchyma mixed with high-density hematoma, the number of organ failures, and the length of stay in ICU were significantly higher than those in the nonacute liver injury group ( $P<0.05$ ). It showed that the optimization algorithm based on FCN greatly improved the performance of CT image segmentation. Long-term drinking, low blood pressure, number of organ failures, and length of stay in ICU were all related to sepsis and acute liver injury. Conclusion in this study could provide a reference basis for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute liver injury caused by sepsis.