Adipocytokine Levels in Genetically High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in the Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction. In view of the noteworthy role of adipocytokines in the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes in gene-knockout-rat-model-cell-line studies we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition for diabetes on adipocytokine levels and their role in building insulin-resistance-like environment well before the onset of diabetes; thus a hypothesis can be drawn on their role in developing diabetes in high risk population.Methods. Ages between 18 and 22 years were selected and divided into three groups. Group I(n=81): control group with no family history of diabetes. Group II(n=157): with one of their parents with history of type 2 diabetes. Group III(n=47): with both parents having history of type 2 diabetes. In all the groups we estimated fasting plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines like adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6.Results. Of all adipocytokines we observed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (8.7±1 μg/mL in group III and9.5±1.3 μg/mL group II) when compared to control (11.0±1.2 μg/mL;P<0.01)and it has strong correlation with family history of diabetes with Pearson’s coefficient of −0.502. Linear regression analysis showed significant negative association with HOMA-IR(P<0.01)and logistic regression analysis showed highest association with parental diabetes (P<0.01; OR .260, 95% CI .260–.468).Conclusion. Genetic predisposition for diabetes may influence adiponectin gene expression leading to decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.