Clinical Evaluation of Titanium-Alloy Bands for Sternal Closure after Median Sternotomy: Single-Center Experience

Abstract

Background. Median sternotomy is the most applied approach in open-heart surgery, while potential complications such as postoperative bleeding, sternal dehiscence, and deep sternal wound infection (DWSI) still remain a challenge to cardiac surgeons. Several new sternum-closure products instead of stainless wire have been brought into clinical application. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the novel sternum-fixing product in terms of clinical outcomes. Methods. 689 consecutive cases undergoing cardiac surgery through median sternotomy between February 2015 and December 2018 in our center were enrolled in this study. All the cases were divided into two groups according to different sternum fixation methods: wire cerclage group and rigid fixator group. The demographic as well as clinical data including the mediastinal drainage of first, second, and third post-op 24 hours, the total mediastinal drainage of post-op 72 hours, ICU duration, length of hospital stay, and post-op mortality in 30 days were collected and compared between the two groups. Results. 278 cases were enrolled in the wire cerclage group and 411 cases in the rigid fixator group. There is no significant difference in the demographic data between the two groups, while the mediastinal drainage in the first and third 24 hours after surgery and the total mediastinal drainage in postoperative 72 hours of the rigid fixator group were significantly less than those of the wire cerclage group $\left(P<0.05\right)$ . No significant difference was found in other clinical outcomes between the groups including ICU duration, LOS in hospital, and 30-day mortality. 14 cases (5.0%) in the wire cerclage group and 11 cases (2.7%) in the rigid fixator group had sternotomy-related complications including severe postoperative bleeding, sternal dehiscence, and DSWI. Conclusion. Compared with the conventional wire cerclage, the new rigid fixator is superior in median sternotomy closure in terms of postoperative mediastinal bleeding as well as incidence of sternotomy-related complications.