Affiliation:
1. Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
2. The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic pollutant that is associated with several severe human diseases. Cd can be easily absorbed in significant quantities from air contamination/industrial pollution, cigarette smoke, food, and water and primarily affects the liver, kidney, and lungs. Toxic effects of Cd include hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and the development of various human cancers. Cd is also involved in the development and progression of fatty liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cd affects liver function via modulation of cell survival/proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Moreover, Cd dysregulates hepatic autophagy, an endogenous catabolic process that detoxifies damaged cell organelles or dysfunctional cytosolic proteins through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. In this article, we review recent developments and findings regarding the role of Cd in the modulation of hepatotoxicity, autophagic function, and liver diseases at the molecular level.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
Cited by
26 articles.
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