From Garbage to Biomaterials: An Overview on Egg Shell Based Hydroxyapatite

Author:

Abdulrahman Idris1,Tijani Hamzat Ibiyeye2,Mohammed Bashir Abubakar3,Saidu Haruna4,Yusuf Hindatu5,Ndejiko Jibrin Mohammed6,Mohammed Sulaiman4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria

2. Faculty of Bioscience & Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

3. Department of Biological Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, P.M.B. 065, Bauchi, Nigeria

4. Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 0127, Gombe, Nigeria

5. Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University Gadau, P.M.B. 065, Bauchi, Nigeria

6. Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, P.M.B. 011, Niger, Nigeria

Abstract

The conversion of waste obtained from agricultural processes into biocompatible materials (biomaterials) used in medical surgery is a strategy that will add more value in waste utilization. This strategy has successfully turned the rather untransformed wastes into high value products. Eggshell is an agricultural waste largely considered as useless and is discarded mostly because it contributes to pollution. This waste has potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a major component found in bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite is an excellent material used in bone repair and tissue regeneration. The use of eggshell to generate hydroxyapatite will reduce the pollution effect of the waste and the subsequent conversion of the waste into a highly valuable product. In this paper, we reviewed the utilization of this agricultural waste (eggshell) in producing hydroxyapatite. The process of transforming eggshell into hydroxyapatite and nanohydroxyapatite is an environmentally friendly process. Eggshell based hydroxyapatite and nanohydroxyapatite stand as good chance of reducing the cost of treatment in bone repair or replacement with little impact on the environment.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

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