Risks and Benefits ofHelicobacter pyloriEradication: Current Status

Abstract

In patients with diseases known to be associated withHelicobacter pyloriinfection, such as peptic ulcer, treatment of the underlying infection is the standard of care. However, in most major consensus management guidelines, including those published in Canada, widespread testing forH pyloriinfection is not recommended. This practice is not encouraged because of insufficient evidence of cost-benefit in gastric cancer prevention, the potential for increases in antibiotic resistance and the controversial hypothesis of potential negative effects of eradication in certain clinical entities. For example, there is insufficient evidence to recommend against eradicatingH pyloridiscovered in a patient with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The management guidelines designed specifically in Canada should, therefore, continue to be applied, withH pyloridiagnosed and treated in appropriately selected patients.