Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time: A Coordinated Analysis of Four Longitudinal Studies

Author:

Brown Cassandra L.1,Gibbons Laura E.2,Kennison Robert F.3,Robitaille Annie1,Lindwall Magnus45,Mitchell Meghan B.6,Shirk Steven D.6,Atri Alireza6,Cimino Cynthia R.7,Benitez Andreana8,MacDonald Stuart W. S.1,Zelinski Elizabeth M.9,Willis Sherry L.10,Schaie K. Warner10,Johansson Boo5,Dixon Roger A.11,Mungas Dan M.12,Hofer Scott M.1,Piccinin Andrea M.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3050 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P5

2. Harborview Medical Center and General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA

3. Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA

4. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science and Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 100, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

5. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 500, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

6. Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 200 Springs Rd, Bedford, MA 01730, USA

7. Department of Psychology and Neurology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA

8. Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President St, MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA

9. Andrus Gerontology Center and Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA

10. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 180 Nickerson, Suite 206, Seattle, WA 98109, USA

11. Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9

12. Davis Lawrence J. Ellison Ambulatory Care Center, University of California, 4860 Y Street, Ste 0100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA

Abstract

Social activity is typically viewed as part of an engaged lifestyle that may help mitigate the deleterious effects of advanced age on cognitive function. As such, social activity has been examined in relation to cognitive abilities later in life. However, longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis thus far remains inconclusive. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between social activity and cognitive function over time using a coordinated data analysis approach across four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with social activity included as a covariate is presented. Four domains of cognitive function were assessed: reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge. Results suggest that baseline social activity is related to some, but not all, cognitive functions. Baseline social activity levels failed to predict rate of decline in most cognitive abilities. Changes in social activity were not consistently associated with cognitive functioning. Our findings do not provide consistent evidence that changes in social activity correspond to immediate benefits in cognitive functioning, except perhaps for verbal fluency.

Funder

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology

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