Bifurcations in a Plant-Pollinator Model with Multiple Delays

Abstract

The plant-pollinator model is a common model widely researched by scholars in population dynamics. In fact, its complex dynamical behaviors are universally and simply expressed as a class of delay differential-difference equations. In this paper, based on several early plant-pollinator models, we consider a plant-pollinator model with two combined delays to further describe the mutual constraints between the two populations under different time delays and qualitatively analyze its stability and Hopf bifurcation. Specifically, by selecting different combinations of two delays as branch parameters and analyzing in detail the distribution of roots of the corresponding characteristic transcendental equation, we investigate the local stability of the positive equilibrium point of equations, derive the sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability, and demonstrate the Hopf bifurcation for the system. Under the condition that two delays are not equal, some explicit formulas for determining the direction of Hopf bifurcation and some conditions for the stability of periodic solutions of bifurcation are obtained for delay differential equations by using the theory of norm form and the theorem of center manifold. In the end, some examples are presented and corresponding computer numerical simulations are taken to demonstrate and support effectiveness of our theoretical predictions.