Screening of Antiviral Components of Yinhuapinggan Granule and Protective Effects of Yinhuapinggan Granule on MDCK Cells with Influenza A/H1N1 Virus

Abstract

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG) has been used for treating upper respiratory tract infection like influenza, cough, and viral pneumonia. However, its active ingredients that really exert the main efficacy have not been well elucidated. This study is aimed at screening its antiviral components and investigating the potential therapeutic mechanisms of YHPG against the influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Methods. MDCK cells were infected with the influenza virus and then treated with ribavirin, YHPG, and main active ingredients in YHPG. Based on the maximum nontoxic concentration (TC0), half-maximal toxic concentration (TC50), half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and therapeutic index (TI), interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the gene expression of TLR7, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and p65 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (p65 NF-κB) was quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. The results indicated that the components of YHPG, such as ephedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, and emodin, had significant antiviral effects. High and medium doses of YHPG effectively reduced the cytopathic effect (CPE) and significantly decreased IFN-β and IL-6 levels in the supernatant. Simultaneously, the transcript levels of TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, JNK, p38 MAPK, and p65 NF-κB decreased in infected MDCK cells. Moreover, a certain dose-dependent relationship among different groups of YHPG was observed. Conclusions. These results indicated that YHPG and the components of YHPG had a significant inhibitory function on the proliferation of the H1N1 virus. The mechanism might be associated with suppressing the activation of the TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway, a decrease in the mRNA expression of key target genes, and inhibition of IFN-β and IL-6 secretion.